Task failure from inspiratory resistive loaded breathing: a role for inspiratory muscle fatigue?

The use of non-invasive resistive breathing to task failure to assess inspiratory muscle performance remains a matter of debate. CO2 retention rather than diaphragmatic fatigue was suggested to limit endurance during inspiratory resistive breathing. Cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS) allows discrimination between diaphragmatic and rib cage muscle fatigue. We tested a new protocol with respect to the extent and the partitioning of inspiratory muscle fatigue at task failure. Nine healthy subjects performed two runs of inspiratory resistive breathing at 67 (12)% of their maximal inspiratory mouth pressure, respiratory rate ( f R), paced at 18min-1, with a 15-min pause between runs. Diaphragm and rib cage muscle contractility were assessed from CMS-induced esophageal (P es,tw), gastric (P ga,tw), and transdiaphragmatic (P di,tw) twitch pressures. Average endurance times of the first and second runs were similar [9.1 (6.7)and 8.4 (3.5)min]. P di,tw significantly decreased from 33.1 to 25.9cmH2O in the first run, partially recovered (27.6cmH2O), and decreased further in the second run (23.4cmH2O). P es,tw also decreased significantly (-5.1 and -2.4cmH2O), while P ga,tw did not change significantly (-2.0 and -1.9cmH2O), indicating more pronounced rib cage rather than diaphragmatic fatigue. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2 (P ETCO2) rose from 37.2 to 44.0 and 45.3mmHg, and arterial oxygen saturation (S aO2) decreased in both runs from 98% to 94%. Thus, task failure in mouth-pressure-targeted, inspiratory resistive breathing is associated with both diaphragmatic and rib cage muscle fatigue. Similar endurance times despite different degrees of muscle fatigue at the start of the runs indicate that other factors, e.g. increases in P ETCO2, and/or decreases in S aO2, probably contributed to task-failur

Kelten, Gallorömer und Burgunder

Eine archäologische Spurensuche bei der Dorfkirche und dem Bienzgut. Vom keltische Siedlungsplatz zur römischen Villa, deren Rekonstruktion bis zur Mauritiuskirche. Der Beitrag führt schliesslich auch zum ethymologischen Problem von Pinpenymgis (Erwähung 1016) zu Bimplitz (1235)

Generationenweg - Archäologie in Bümpliz

Ausstellung, Stelen, Zeitstrahl und mehrsprachige Führunge

Die römische Palastvilla von Bern-Bümpliz. Baugeschichte(n) einer Villa im helvetischen Aareraum

Zusammenfassung und Synthese der 2013 eingereichten Masterarbeit an der Universität Bern. Zudem wurden die jüngsten Ausgrabungen von 2014 integriert, eine Rekonstruktion der Villenanlage vorgelegt und schliesslich auch mit den Untersuchungen der Mollusken durch Marguerita Schäfer (IPNA Basel) erweitert

Neue Untersuchungen zum Tempelbezirk von Studen-Petinesca

Im Rahmen der Lehrgrabung der Universität Bern im Bereich des Kultbezirks Gumpboden in Studen-Petinesca wurde im Sommer 2017 unter anderem eine kleine Fläche im Tempel 1 untersucht. Die Resultate sind bemerkenswert: die Steinbauphase des Umgangstempels datiert in die zweite Hälfte des 1. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. Zudem der Nachweis eines Vorgängerbaus aus Holz, unter dem ein augusteisches Münzensemble lag. Dieses Ensemble setzt sich aus 16 Münzen zusammen (zwei republikanische Quinare, eine übergangszeitliche Bronzemünze und 13 augusteische Mittelbronzen). Das Ensemble wurde um 10/7 v. Chr. vergraben. Der Fundkontext legt eine rituelle Deponierung nahe

Ultrasound-guided block of sciatic and femoral nerves: an anatomical study

The sheep is a popular animal model for human biomechanical research involving invasive surgery on the hind limb. These painful procedures can only be ethically justified with the application of adequate analgesia protocols. Regional anaesthesia as an adjunct to general anaesthesia may markedly improve well-being of these experimental animals during the postoperative period due to a higher analgesic efficacy when compared with systemic drugs, and may therefore reduce stress and consequently the severity of such studies. As a first step 14 sheep cadavers were used to establish a new technique for the peripheral blockade of the sciatic and the femoral nerves under sonographic guidance and to evaluate the success rate by determination of the colorization of both nerves after an injection of 0.5 mL of a 0.1% methylene blue solution. First, both nerves were visualized sonographically. Then, methylene blue solution was injected and subsequently the length of colorization was measured by gross anatomical dissection of the target nerves. Twenty-four sciatic nerves were identified sonographically in 12 out of 13 cadavers. In one animal, the nerve could not be ascertained unequivocally and, consequently, nerve colorization failed. Twenty femoral nerves were located by ultrasound in 10 out of 13 cadavers. In three cadavers, signs of autolysis impeded the scan. This study provides a detailed anatomical description of the localization of the sciatic and the femoral nerves and presents an effective and safe yet simple and rapid technique for performing peripheral nerve blocks with a high success rate